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British invented the magnetron tube, secretly, some time before WWII.

It was a key element, of course, in the allied radar systems.  but they were built like a fine Swiss watch...needed to be done hand made by experts, which meant they could not be mass produced.

they secretly sent over some to MIT during the war, and the nerds there figured out how to make it with stamped plates of metal sintered together.  They brought the mess to Vanavar Bush, who was one of Raytheon's founders, and he figured out the processes to mass produce it.  that lead to hundres of thousands of them being made here, probably in Waltham MA, to fill up radar systems and help to win the war.  that tube's success branched off to a full factory in Waltham, Raytheon's power tube division.  Those tubes ended up powering "Radar Ranges", starting in the 50's.  at first there were only commercial microwave ovens, but eventually they went consumer.


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