In my experience with the Ruger 44, if the issue is not a question of accuracy, the worst that typically happens is failure to feed, and a pull on the charging handle will just chamber the cartridge. That's what would happen with my moderate 180 grain loads. I've shot 300 grainers out of a Ruger 44. I just don't remember the loads. They would have used H110, but I don't remember whether they were coated (300 grain Missouri Bullet TCFP) or jacketed (Hornady XTP). I do remember that they cycled without any malfunctions in my 1969 Ruger 44. I have two, and with the one made in 1963, I got a double feed on my first outing with 240 grain loads, but after a more thorough cleaning and maybe replacing the recoil spring (I don't remember), I think I've fixed that. I didn't have any more of those malfunctions in the subsequent outing. I haven't shot that one a bunch, though. The one made in 1969 has seen more use.
Note that while Ruger says not to use unjacketed bullets in these, that advice pre-dates Hi-Tek coated bullets. I ran some through one of mine and then cleaned it. I didn't see any signs of it, just the usual carbon.